They treated me like their own son. Eventually in 2014, the Dutch government awarded them medals of military service, in what Mark Rutte, the prime minister, called “an act of historical justice”. Early life and education [ edit] “It is impossible to talk to this man,” said a high-ranking German officer during the war years about the Bishop. Kremer’s father, the book claims, remembers Van Dijk making frequent visits to the office, where she would make telephone calls. “In her mind it was still going on, and on, and on. He was completely covered with bruises, and his whole back was covered with blood. He was surprised by this movie. Though her hair was dyed black, the red colour of her roots revealed her identity. Find History on Facebook (Opens in a new window), Find History on Twitter (Opens in a new window), Find History on YouTube (Opens in a new window), Find History on Instagram (Opens in a new window), Find History on TikTok (Opens in a new window), Current one is: March 6. In 1943, the Dutch Resistance killed several dozen pro-German Dutch. And I looked at him. [17], In the early 1990s, thanks to the Hannie Schaft Memorial Foundation, commemorations were once again permitted. Upon leaving university, she joined the Raad van Verzet or "Council of Resistance", a resistance movement that had close ties to the Communist Party of the Netherlands. The first thing the Nazis took from Freddie Oversteegen was her bed. https://beeldbankwo2.nl/nl/beelden/?mode=gallery&view=horizontal&q=Majoor%20Tetenburg&rows=1&page=1, https://www.oorlogsbronnen.nl/bronnen?term=2+oktober&tab=gebeurtenissen&sort=old, Ernst Knorr—Evil for the Sake of Being Evil, https://beeldbankwo2.nl/nl/beelden/?mode=gallery&view=horizontal&q=Ernst%20Knorr&rows=1&page=1, Cardinal De Jong tackled every error, including National Socialism, Anton de Kom—Son of a Slave and Resistance Fighter, Forgotten History—Boy Ecury: Dutch Aruban Resistance Fighter, Allied troops and Axis troops fighting together. The Stroomenbergh family sheltered one of the prisoners, Ernest Stein, until liberation. It proved invaluable—her role, especially in Friesland—that was ultimately fatal for her due to that turbulent love life. anna wijnhoff dutch resistance - bostondeckpros.com However, as I mentioned earlier, sometimes you need to take a step back and take a balanced view of events. Ineke Verdoner wrote a song about her. Schmitz shot her in the head at close range. His published works include “Rainy Street Stories: Reflections on Secret Wars, Terrorism and Espionage” and “Around the Corner: Reflections on American Wars, Violence, Terrorism and Hope.”, picture courtesy of https://latitudes.nu/hannie-schaft-the-girl-with-the-red-hair/, Nel Hissink aka Cornelia van den Brink-Kossen. sounds of disneyland paris. They saved the lives of at least 100 children. Mees was shot dead in front of his house. At the beginning of the war, she published her first work: the story “Justice,” for which she won the essay competition of the literary magazine Contact. She distributed communist pamphlets, regularly took part in left-wing demonstrations, and was active in the anti-fascist movement. That same week, the Franks were arrested—while Van Dijk was away in the Hague. Smålands Kaninhoppare; Käglinge Rekreationsområde Hund; Fråga Doktorn Bakercysta; Frank Vitalik Twitter; Used Military Watches For Sale; Ruth Ramirez Now Many thanks. Reina was taken to the House of Detention II on the Amstelveenseweg and probably confessed her resistance activities there, to protect the other members of the resistance group. Jan and Johanna Stroomenbergh had two adult children named Jan and Johanna [aka Susan, later Halpern]. second hand football stands for sale; skidmore college food ranking; martrell harris baton rouge; george crawford jr She worked closely with Anna A.C. Anna passed away on July 13 1994, . During the Second World War, he was a major leader against the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands. In 1943 Truus van Lier managed to infiltrate the NSB and the Wehrmacht in Amersfoort. The Commission, therefore, has accorded them the Medal of the Righteous Among the Nations. Her mother, Trijn, a communist bringing up her children independently in the Dutch city of Haarlem, sheltered Jews, dissidents and gay people as they fled Germany in the 1930s. I don’t know what I would have done during WWII, I hope I would have done the right thing but in all sincerity, I am not sure. Otto Frank, father of Anne Frank, shows Queen Juliana of The Netherlands the hiding place of the Frank family during World War II.  Find History on Facebook (Opens in a new window), Find History on Twitter (Opens in a new window), Find History on YouTube (Opens in a new window), Find History on Instagram (Opens in a new window), Find History on TikTok (Opens in a new window), https://www.history.com/news/anne-frank-collaborator-possible-betrayal. Not a single shot was fired. When asked to kidnap the children of a Nazi official she refused. Frank’s account meticulously and movingly detailed the daily lives of the eight people captured that day. However, some Catholic clergymen, even a few high-placed ones, did not keep their mouths shut and defied the Nazis. He called me Miss Susan. She had been captured at a checkpoint. There were very few Dutch who defied the Nazi occupiers, this is not to judge, because I was never put in that situation and I just wouldn't know what I would have done. Members of the Dutch Resistance who were attempting to hijack a truck in Apeldoorn, Holland, ambush Lt. Gen. Hanns Rauter, an SS officer. I am passionate about my site and I know you all like reading my blogs. She was transporting secret documentation for the Resistance. Piet Oberman took the lead here. Copyright 2020 He had received the men in the most magnificent room of his official residence. I saw Knorr shoot her ten more times.”. anna wijnhoff dutch resistance In October 1943, the liquidation of NSB member and police officer Jannes Doppenberg as retaliation in Apeldoorn. Someone must have tipped them off—but who? “[T]heir acts of resistance and sabotage grew more audacious as time passed.”. She worked closely with Anna A.C. Wijnhoff. Moreover, through the years in the Dutch East Indies, the family felt more Indonesian than Jewish.In 1941 her parents moved to Laren, but Reina continued to live in Amsterdam. Despite having been arrested on Easter Sunday 1943, Van Dijk evaded being sent to concentration camps by promising to work for Nazi Intelligence services. Jannetje Johanna (Jo) Schaft (16 September 1920 - 17 April 1945) was a Dutch communist resistance fighter during World War II.She became known as the girl with the red hair (in Dutch Het meisje met het rode haar, also the title of a book and film about her).Her secret name in the resistance movement was Hannie.Hannie. He then opted for life in the countryside and settled on the estate ‘De Ploeg’ in Wiese. Schaft was murdered by Dutch Nazi officials on April 17, 1945. How three young girls, for none was older than 19 at the time, fought back against such “discrimination and inequality” is brought to life in this utterly spellbinding tale of assassinations, train sabotage, conspiracy and intrigue. “My mother drove the bicycle, and Freddie sat on the back and was shooting,” recalled Truus’s daughter, Hannie Menger. But it is a fact that there were only a few who offered resistance. Nel Hissink then got into a relationship with Dio Remiëns, who was more than twenty years younger, at a riding school in Laren. Hannie Schaft - History of Sorts Women's Activism NYC All I ask is for a voluntary donation of $2, however if you are not in a position to do so I can fully understand, maybe next time then. Their love affair played a significant role in the resistance. She was brought to a prison in Amsterdam. Rather than act as a courier, Schaft wanted to work with weapons. If the plan had failed, the children would have to be killed, and Schaft felt that was too similar to the Nazis' acts of terror. The character of Rachel Stein from the 2006 film Black Book was based on the life of van Eeghen. He was very active in the persecution of resistance members, people in hiding, and Jews. There were very few Dutch who defied the Nazi occupiers, this is not to judge, because I was never put in that situation and I just wouldn't know what I would have done. Poldermans reveals a horrific, clandestine measure to assure their reliability. Ultimate Bulletin Board 5.46a, http://www.amazon.com/Seducing-Killing-Nazis-Resistance-Heroines-ebook/dp/B07TMRTVBD/ref=sr_1_1?crid=164TNNTVUM7WH&keywords=hannie+schaft&qid=1574734755&sprefix=hannie%2Caps%2C169&, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freddie_Oversteegen, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truus_Menger-Oversteegen. She is said to have told her executioners: "I shoot better! [5] Although at the end of the war there was an agreement between the occupier and . unicellular algae definition; switzer funeral home obituaries; who did rachel ripken married; starling physicians 1 lake street, new britain, ct Her secret name in the resistance movement was "Hannie". Two men, Mattheus Schmitz and Maarten Kuiper, a Dutch policeman, took her to the execution site. Anne was born in . To this end, a rifle had been set up in a piano in a school gymnasium the day before. The Dutch Resistance was one of the fiercest of all the underground movements in Nazi-occupied Europe. The pope was the spiritual leader of about a billion Catholics globally, and his words would have had an impact.) She was active for the Personal Identification Central (PBC), which provided people in hiding and resistance members with forged documents, and the resistance group CS6, an organization for the armed resistance. [5] She was brought to a prison in Amsterdam. Her innocent looks made her invaluable as she could slip by Nazi controls unnoticed. Ours is a nation of laws, before which everyone must be treated the same. [9] Lages was convicted and sentenced to death in 1949. Anna married Johannes Antonius Wijnhof. Articles with the “HISTORY.com Editors” byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including Amanda Onion, Missy Sullivan and Matt Mullen. One of these fellow inmates was Rose Lopes de Leão Laguna, who also worked for CS-6. Although she Jewish descent, this background played no role in the family. Anna Wijnhoff (born Bise) was born to Gerard Bise and Anne Bise (born Hille). They had already volunteered to fight on the Eastern Front, had combat experience, and knew how to shoot people. Nel Hissink was also involved in the illegal organization CS6, which offered armed resistance to the German occupier. sunnyside primary school teachers Booking and Pricing. He was reading the Bible. All rights reserved. ", after which Kuiper delivered a final shot to her head. “One word was enough for them to understand each other,” recalled Menger, Truus’s daughter. My parents were betrayed and died in Auschwitz…I stayed in the Stroomenbergh home…this meant that all of the members of the church were aware of my presence and also of the presence of Mr and Mrs Wijnschenk. "[5], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannie_Schaft, Freddie Oversteegen: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freddie_Oversteegen, Truus Menger-Oversteegen: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truus_Menger-Oversteegen, Posts: 8459From: South AfricaRegistered: Dec 2012. This was opposed by the Dutch Cabinet, and there were large public protests against the possibility of amnesty for Lages. The SS men had volunteered for the resistance group[ because they were tired of the war. He injured Knorr quite badly; after the cars drove away, a pool of blood remained on the street. He appealed the sentence at Nuremberg in 1949, but the sentence was upheld and he was executed that year. This required a sniper. They also made false identity cards for artist friends who wanted to circumvent the compulsory registration at the Kultuurkamer. [5] Although at the end of the war there was an agreement between the occupier and the Binnenlandse Strijdkrachten (Dutch resistance) to stop executions, she was shot dead three weeks before the end of the war in the dunes of Bloemendaal. On September 14, Van Lier was in a restaurant in Haarlem when two Dutch detectives arrested her, after a tip from a traitor. Schaft's execution was directly ordered by Willy Lages. She became known as "the girl with the red hair" ( Dutch: het meisje met het rode haar, German: das Mädchen mit dem roten Haar ). A local underground activist arranged to take the boy to the Stroomenberghs in Driebergen, Utrecht, where he stayed until May 1945. anna wijnhoff dutch resistance Rauter was tried for war crimes by the Dutch court Den Haag. Louis was not at home during the first two visits, during which the killers pretended that they wanted to negotiate the purchase of horses. The sisters regarded the killings as a grim necessity that was secondary to their more important work: rescuing children. [1] Her mother, Aafje Talea Schaft (born Vrijer) was a Mennonite and her father, Pieter Schaft, a teacher, was attached to the Social Democratic Workers' Party; the two were very protective of Schaft because of the death due to diphtheria of her older sister Anna in 1927. anna wijnhoff dutch resistance - adriansantarelli.com On Tuesday, 1 February 2022, it was announced that Cardinal Jan de Jong was honoured with the Yad Vashem Medal of the Righteous posthumously, for his resistance against the Nazis and—more in particular—for his ban on Roman Catholics from participating in the deportation of Jews. Together with CS-6 members Reina Prinsen Geerligs and Nel Hissink, she was deported to Germany. On 1 March 1945, NSB police officer Willem Zirkzee was executed by Hannie Schaft and her friend Truus Oversteegen, in Haarlem. She had only just gotten out of the car when I saw Knorr firing at Miss Esmee. On 19 February 1943, a trap was set in Delft for the communist resistance fighter Gerrit Kastein. Members of the Dutch government and royal family attended, including Queen Wilhelmina who called Schaft “the symbol of the Resistance.”, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/21465/hannie-schaft, https://www.tracesofwar.com/sights/3571/Hannie-Schaft-Memorial.htm. (the raid The BS in Friesland had already indicated that a plan had to be made for a robbery, but there had not yet been any reason to carry it out. All three women were shot. The family also hid Abraham Wijnschenk and his wife, Judith, for three months, in their home. He survived the attack and in 1948 he testified in Amsterdam for the benefit of his Velser girlfriend, the traitor Nelly Willy van der Meijden. He needed a new safe place to live. He was found guilty and sentenced to death. anna wijnhoff dutch resistance - chucksroadhouse.com Oversteegen in 1943, when her innocent appearance made her an invaluable resistance fighter. “She shot a few people, and these were the real, real bad guys,” her son, Remi Dekker, recalled. This made her feel strongly about actions against Jews. In a decision which sparked public outcry, Lages was released from prison on health grounds in 1966, on the order of Minister of Justice Ivo Samkalden. The Dutch Resistance Revealed: The Inside Story of Courage and Betrayal The attack of 3 July is said to have been committed by a resistance group from Enschede.On July 23, 1943, Reina Prinsen Geerligs was arrested when she brought a pistol to a CS-6 building in Cornelis Krusemanstraat (no. I also want to look at their charts. After much persuading, she returned to the woods where Truus had led the SS officer to his death and where, Freddie believed, he is still buried. Inside the gate, they overpowered the guards and let in other members of the gang. But it In 1941, during a strike that broke out in Amsterdam among Dutch workers to protest the round-up of almost 400 Dutch Jews, Rauter ordered the SS and German troops to open fire on the strikers, killing 11. One of the shots hit her in the head, killing her. Schaft was assassinated by Dutch Nazi officials on April 17, 1945. Jannetje Johanna (Jo) Schaft (16 September 1920 - 17 April 1945) was a Dutch communist resistance fighter during World War II. Jonker was a member of the NSB and was suspected of treason. Why that did not happen is unclear. Rauter was head of the SS in Holland and answered directly to Heinrich Himmler, the SS commander. Cambiar modo de navegación. Theories about the culprit have percolated for years: a new employee at Otto Frank’s business, for instance, or the wife of one of the employees who helped to hide the family. Near the car, Kastein managed to pull out a pistol and shoot. In 1997, Susan was proud to accept a most prestigious Award. Hannie Schaft Wiki & Bio - Everipedia We just commemorated the liberation of the Nazi Auschwitz concentration camp in January 1945. Because, as their parents counselled, “All humanity is equal.” Such simple life guidance was catastrophically upended when violent, white supremacist Nazi Germany overran the Netherlands. Klaas Carel Faber, execution command member and escaped war criminal, said about the execution, “I saw Miss Esmee get out of the car. Intuition Exercise: Who Am I? Reveal | Intuitive ... - Patreon preise grünland baden württemberg 2020. ", after which the other man delivered the final shot. Her mother only gave them one rule, Oversteegen once recalled: “Always stay human.”. A group of seven managed to circumvent the blockade and reached the burial ground, but were arrested when they tolled the bell. https://www.oorlogsbronnen.nl/artikel/de-gewelddadige-praktijken-van-folteraar-ernst-knorr, https://peoplepill.com/people/ernst-knorr-1, https://www.oorlogsbronnen.nl/thema/Arrestatie%20Gerrit%20Willem%20Kastein, https://www.oorlogsbronnen.nl/tijdlijn/Esmee-van-Eeghen/03/0004. Sign up now to learn about This Day in History straight from your inbox. On the nights of 18-19 November 1944, Jurjen Dreeuws, a police inspector who played a major role in the Frisian resistance, was also arrested. To everyone else, he was a nephew evacuated from The Hague. The Dutch resistance movement during the Nazi occupation was bedevilled by treachery, betrayal and poor organization and support from London. Truus, a commanding presence with a level gaze and a throaty laugh, was the leader. In early 1943, five-year-old Arnold Bouwman, his parents, aunt and uncle from Zeist, Utrecht, were looking for a new hiding place. He murdered the resistance fighter Esmée van Eeghen. Passers-by were forced to watch the Germans retaliate. During her resistance work, she used the pseudonym Leentje Vandendriesch. Nico Sikkel gave the order to liquidate him. All were dead by the fall. Subtitled “Hannie, Truus and Freddie: Dutch Resistance Heroines of World War II,” this book is simply terrifying. It wasn’t long before the resistance came to recruit them. Her secret name in the resistance movement was “Hannie.”. The remarkable details of underground life, of forgeries, gathering stolen documents, explosives, food and other essentials would be story enough. She reveals the fear, Nazi brutality and unique horrors of that age. Libra(contrary to pupular belief) is on the opposite axis of Aries because Libra CAN be millitant. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Holstege, however, gave little information and not the names of the leadership in Amsterdam. The primary organizers were the Communist Party, churches, and independent groups. Not long after, Nel Kossen got into a relationship with the extravagant actor and writer Coen Hissink. He was ordained to the priesthood on 15 August 1908 and studied further at the Pontifical Gregorian University and the Angelicum in Rome, obtaining his doctorate in philosophy and theology. March 6 Dutch Resistance ambushes SS officer This Day In History March | 6 Choose another date 1945 Dutch Resistance ambushes SS officer Members of the Dutch Resistance who were. They were exposed by betrayal and killed by the resistance for security reasons. Holstege died the next day. (Van Dijk was executed in 1948 for her role in these deaths.). If prisoners were to be tortured—during interrogations—the SD would euphemistically indicate that they would call the doctor. On 15 March they wounded Ko Langendijk, a hairdresser from IJmuiden who worked for the Sicherheitsdienst (SD), a Nazi intelligence agency. Those acts of resistance and sabotage included harboring Allied soldiers and pilots who either parachuted or crash-landed within Dutch territory, harboring Dutch Jews, and killing German troops. Get HISTORY’s most fascinating stories delivered to your inbox three times a week. [2], On 21 June 1944, Schaft and Jan Bonekamp, a friend in the resistance, carried out an assassination in Zaandam on Dutch police officer and collaborator Willem Ragut. Wijnhoff. SD leader Willy Lages put a bounty of ten thousand guilders on her head. [1], From a young age, Schaft discussed politics and social justice with her family, which encouraged her to pursue law and become a human rights lawyer. Seducing and Killing Nazis: Hannie, Truus and Freddie: Dutch Resistance ... However, new research indicates that Geerligs and Boissevain had nothing to do with this. She initially performed courier work in the resistance.Reina Prinsen Geerligs is believed to have been involved in at least two attacks. Kastein arrested, was taken to the car. She was responsible for sabotaging and assassinating various targets. By then only teenagers, the young women were old enough to know something was dreadfully wrong. On 1 March 1945, NSB police officer Willem Zirkzee was executed by Hannie Schaft and Truus Oversteegen, near the Krelagehuis on the Leidsevaart in Haarlem. His workplace was Binnenhof 7, which is near the Dutch parliament. She was convicted of murder, possession of weapons, and the status of ‘half Jew’. Because the Dutch communist party celebrated her as an icon, her popularity decreased, to the point that the commemoration at Hannie's grave was forbidden in 1951. Upon recovery, Schaft dyed her hair black and wore glasses to hide her identity and returned to Resistance work. When Schaft refused to sign the petition in support of the occupation forces, like 80% of the other students, she could not continue her studies and in the summer of 1943 she moved in with her parents again, taking Frenk and Polak with her who went into hiding.[2]. From then on terror had to be answered with counter-terror. A recently released book details an overheard conversation with Nazi officials as new evidence for an old theory. On September 3, 1943, Van Lier shot the Utrecht NSB chief of police G.J. Through their heroism, they helped restore a world open to dignity and equality before the law. The inhabitants couldn’t take much more than a few clothes they’d hastily snatched from the coat rack. Thank you for that! Cardinal Johannes de Jong was one of those men. And I looked at that guy. She directed Sunday School programs. She began to learn German, and worked on sabotaging the German force. Members of the Gestapo emerged from the car and made their way inside, where they arrested Anne Frank, her family and their four friends. [4] Hannie Schaft and Truus Oversteegen were planning to liquidate NSB/Haarlem policeman Fake Krist on 25 October 1944, but other Haarlem resistance fighters were ahead of them. She worked closely with Anna A.C. Wijnhoff. On September 2, 1941, he was the leader of a team of 3-5 people that interrogated the communist Herman Holstege in the prison of Scheveningen (Oranjehotel) so cruelly that it was expected that he would die. Ans van Dijk has often been suggested as a leading suspect. Bishop Johannes de Jong did not keep silent. (modern). The resistance fighter Truus Oversteegen was there. Kremer’s father was an acquaintance of Van Dijk in Amsterdam during World War II, where he worked as a caretaker in an office building close to the Franks’ annex. We strive for accuracy and fairness. That morning Sjaak Boezeman died in his cell. With others, she was stopped when she happened to pass by. Secondly, they executed the ten men in public at the park behind the Cathedral Basilica of St. Bavo. According to Gerald Kremer’s The Backyard of the Secret Annex, the Guardian reports, the Franks were betrayed by Anna “Ans” van Dijk, a Jewish woman executed in 1948 for her collaboration in the capture of 145 people. Only the immediate family and the local minister knew the real identity of the boy. [9], On 27 November 1945, Schaft was reburied in a state funeral at the Dutch Honorary Cemetery Bloemendaal. It soon became apparent that Dreeuws had gone crazy during his first weekend in captivity and had called names. It’s estimated that at least 85 and perhaps as many as 700 people died as a result of her collaboration. During the following week, the German SS executed 263 Dutch in retaliation. We who live in our little Alabama county have enshrined our national belief that “all men are created equal.” We created a system of liberal democratic institutions, peacefully transferred, that protect the rights of all. Hannie Schaft - Wikipedia On 15 March they wounded Ko Langendijk, a hairdresser from IJmuiden who worked for the Sicherheitsdienst (SD), a Nazi intelligence agency. The extremely violent interrogations not only caused the deaths of Sjaak and Gerrit Willem but the valuable secrets they knew were also lost. Lages returned to Germany, where he died in 1971. Gommert Krijger and Jan Overzet were approached for this. The farm was immediately evacuated and the resistance hid in the woods. Her body was riddled with bullets and dumped in the Van Starkenborgh Canal. It had to be carried out in such a way that the Germans and their accomplices would not notice. Born Jannetje Johanna (Jo) Schaft on 16 September 1920. At the family business, Louis was skilled in various departments and loved by the staff. On 26 July 1942, Dutch bishops, including Archbishop Johannes de Jong, issued a decree that openly condemned Nazi deportations of Dutch workers and Jews. [12][13], After the war, the remains of 422 members of the resistance were found in the Bloemendaal dunes, 421 men and one woman, Hannie Schaft. Two men took her there and one shot her at close range, only wounding her. And they all have Mars ruled Moon signs. He did not know that he was also on the list. His sentence was confirmed in 1950. And Burt liked it. That’s why it is important to sometimes focus on those who did not sit idly by but took action, regardless of their safety. The closing days of the war had left much of occupied Holland close to famine conditions, and the guerrillas were determined to co-opt the food. At school, she was one of the most combative students. Available in all American outlets, this story of three women who sacrificed their innocence to restore goodness will first shock, and then bring you to tears. Although my Mother’s family is from Friesland, I actually was not aware of this story. Gerrit Willem Kastein jumped out of the window at Binnenhof on 21 February 1943 but did not survive the fall. http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/Kossen, http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/LierTruus, https://www.oorlogsbronnen.nl/thema/Fusillade%2027%20oktober%201943%20in%20Sachsenhausen, https://www.oorlogsbronnen.nl/tijdlijn/Cornelia-van-den-Brink-Kossen/02/20843. The first two mentioned rejected this retaliatory measure. Nazi Germans implemented laws based on racial hatred and political suppression. Posts: 126532From: From a galaxy, far, far away...Registered: Apr 2009. He had a piece of rope around his neck. Their Family Name shall be forever engraved on the Honour Wall in the Garden of the Righteous at Yad Vashem, Jerusalem. Hannie Schaft was born in Haarlem the capital of the province of North Holland. On the evening of July 2, 1943, she and CS-6 member Louis Boissevain wanted to liquidate the police officer Pieter Kaay in Enschede. He led the SD. Shortly afterward she moved to Amsterdam, where the half-Jewish Rose Lopes de Leão Laguna moved in with her. But a new book by the son of a member of the Dutch resistance claims to have evidence that may bring historians closer to answering the question. He then informed his guests, with a single word, that he had understood and then instructed all the bishops to read the pastoral letter as scheduled this Sunday. “Hannie was her soulmate friend,” said Manon Hoornstra, a filmmaker to whom Oversteegen confided many of her war memories. Hissink and the other members of this resistance group also offered help to people in hiding and carried out attacks.

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